How to Pronounce António de Oliveira Salazar

Meaning and Context

António de Oliveira Salazar was the preeminent political figure of Portugal's twentieth century, serving as the nation's Prime Minister from 1932 until his incapacitation in 1968, effectively ruling as an authoritarian dictator for nearly four decades. An economics professor turned statesman, Salazar established and presided over the Estado Novo (New State), a corporatist, nationalist, and authoritarian regime that emphasized fiscal austerity, colonial preservation, and social conservatism while suppressing political dissent through a powerful secret police force, the PIDE. His rule defined a period of economic stability and neutrality during World War II, but also one of profound isolation, political repression, and colonial wars in Africa, which ultimately contributed to Portugal's delayed integration into modern European political and economic structures. The legacy of the Salazar regime remains a deeply polarizing subject in Portuguese historiography, central to discussions of Iberian fascism, decolonization, and the nation's protracted transition to democracy after the Carnation Revolution of 1974.

Common Mistakes and Alternative Spellings

The standard and correct spelling is António de Oliveira Salazar, with acute accents on both the 'o' in António and the 'a' in Oliveira. Common misspellings and typographical errors often arise from omitting these diacritics, resulting in "Antonio de Oliveira Salazar." While this anglicized version is frequently encountered in non-Portuguese texts, the accented form is definitive. Other frequent errors include misspelling his surname as "Salazaar" (with a double 'a') or "Salaazar" (with an extra 'a'), and misplacing the 'e' in "de Oliveira," sometimes incorrectly written as "da Oliveira." The initials of his regime, Estado Novo, are also sometimes misspelled as "Estado Nuovo" or "Estada Novo."

Example Sentences

Historians often debate whether António de Oliveira Salazar's Estado Novo is best classified as a clerical-fascist state or a unique brand of conservative authoritarianism.

The prolonged colonial wars in Angola and Mozambique, fought to maintain Salazar's vision of a pluricontinental Portugal, drained the nation's resources and youth throughout the 1960s.

Despite Portugal's official neutrality in World War II, Salazar's regime maintained a complex and pragmatic relationship with both the Allied and Axis powers.

The Carnation Revolution of 1974 was a direct repudiation of the political and social structures Salazar had meticulously built over four decades.

Many archives from the PIDE, Salazar's feared secret police, were destroyed during the revolution, leaving significant gaps in the historical record of the regime's repression.

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