How to Pronounce Ioannis Metaxas

Meaning and Context

Ioannis Metaxas (1871-1941) was a Greek military officer, statesman, and authoritarian dictator who profoundly shaped modern Greek history through his leadership during the late 1930s and early World War II. Appointed Prime Minister by King George II in 1936, Metaxas swiftly dissolved parliament and established the "4th of August Regime," a fascist-inspired, anti-communist dictatorship named for its start date. His regime, often described as a "parental" or "authoritarian" state, emphasized national regeneration, discipline, and a "Third Hellenic Civilization," while suppressing political opposition. Metaxas's most enduring legacy stems from his defiant rejection of Benito Mussolini's ultimatum on October 28, 1940, a day commemorated annually in Greece as "Ohi Day" (No Day), which led to the successful Greco-Italian War and Greece's entry into World War II on the Allied side. His sudden death in January 1941, just months before the German invasion and the Battle of Greece, cemented his complex legacy as both a repressive dictator and a national symbol of resistance against Axis aggression during World War II.

Common Mistakes and Alternative Spellings

The primary spelling in English is "Ioannis Metaxas," a direct transliteration from the Greek "Ιωάννης Μεταξάς." A common alternative is the Latinized "John Metaxas," though this is less frequent in historical literature. Frequent misspellings and typographical errors include "Ioannis Metaxis," "Ioannis Metaxos," or "Ioannis Metaxas" with a single 's' at the end. The first name is often misspelled as "Ionnnis," "Ioannnis," or "Ioannes." Additionally, the regime's name, the "4th of August Regime," is sometimes incorrectly written as the "Fourth of August Regime" or mistakenly associated with the month of April. In Greek, careful attention must be paid to the double sigma (ς) at the end of Μεταξάς, which is a common point of error for non-native writers.

Example Sentences

Historians continue to debate whether Ioannis Metaxas's 4th of August Regime represented a necessary stabilization of a politically fractured Greece or a severe setback for Greek democracy.

The famous "Ohi" (No) response to the Italian ultimatum in 1940, attributed to Metaxas, instantly galvanized Greek national morale and military resistance.

Despite his admiration for certain aspects of fascist Italy and Nazi Germany, Metaxas aligned Greece with the Allies following the Italian invasion.

Many of the public works and infrastructure projects initiated under Metaxas's authoritarian rule had a lasting impact on the country's development.

Modern political analysts often reference the Metaxas regime as a pivotal case study in the rise of interwar authoritarianism in Southeastern Europe.

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