How to Pronounce Porus (in English)

Meaning and Context

Porus, known in Greek sources as Poros, was a formidable king of the Paurava kingdom in the Indian subcontinent, whose reign is most definitively marked by his legendary confrontation with Alexander the Great in 326 BCE at the Battle of the Hydaspes River. This pivotal engagement, fought on the banks of the Jhelum River in the Punjab region, showcased Porus's military acumen and extraordinary valor, even in defeat. According to historical accounts by Arrian and Plutarch, Alexander was so impressed by Porus's dignified bearing and courage that he not only reinstated him as a satrap but also granted him additional territories, establishing a Hellenistic-Indian frontier state. The clash between Alexander and Porus represents a significant moment in ancient history, highlighting the limits of Macedonian expansion and the resilience of ancient Indian kingdoms. This narrative is central to understanding the dynamics of Alexander's Indian campaign, the geography of the Indus Valley, and the complex political landscape of pre-Mauryan India.

Common Mistakes and Alternative Spellings

The standard and most widely accepted English spelling is "Porus," derived from the Latinization of the Greek "Πῶρος" (Pôros). However, alternative transliterations from the original Sanskrit or Prakrit sources occasionally appear. The king's name is sometimes rendered as "Puru" or "Purushottama," referencing the Puru tribe or clan he ruled, which can lead to confusion between the historical figure and the broader tribal or mythological names. Common misspellings and typographical errors include "Poras," "Pouros," and "Poros," the latter being the direct Greek transliteration that is correct in a Hellenistic context but less common in general English historical writing. Another frequent error is the misspelling of his kingdom as "Paurava" as "Pauravia" or "Pauravan."

Example Sentences

Despite facing a formidable army that had conquered much of the known world, Porus commanded his forces with such strategic skill at the Hydaspes that he earned the profound respect of Alexander the Great.

Historical narratives often emphasize the moment when the wounded Porus, asked by Alexander how he wished to be treated, replied "as a king," leading to his reinstatement.

The legacy of Porus is not merely that of a foe who resisted invasion, but of a ruler whose administration helped stabilize the region after Alexander's departure.

Modern scholarship continues to analyze the Battle of the Hydaspes to understand the military tactics, including the use of war elephants, employed by Porus's army.

In popular culture, Porus is frequently depicted as a symbol of Indian resistance and regal pride against foreign incursion.

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